Embroidered Flag Patches of Countries and States from your sm. The Embroidered Patches. Example of the Flag Patch. The Reversed Red American Flag Patch Small Embroidered Patch measures 3x2 inch. Reversed American Flag Patch, American Flag Patches (P1480) 3x2 inches. Choose between 24 US embroidered flag patch designs, rectangle American flag patches, shield US flag patches, and other popular US flag patch designs. Offers an embroidered American Flag Patch in red, white, and blue with. Reverse American Flag, what does it mean? User Name: Password: Archived Posts » 87,881,745.
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Autobuzele RATB de pe 1. Realizarea unui prototip de autobuz cu podea joasa de sasiu DAF - SB 2 si caroserie din aluminiu tip HESS. Aceasta lucrare face parte dintr-un vast program de reabilitare a 110 km de linii de tramvaie din sud-vestul orasului, printr-o cofinantare asigurata de. Alte articole despre: Zilele Bucurestiului program 2012, urari Bucuresti Razvan Theodorescu, Negoita Piedone iubesc Bucuresti. RATB introduce autobuzul Turul Muzeelor de Zilele Bucurestiului Cu ocazia Zilelor Bucurestiului, RATB a infiintat o linie speciala.
Cargoemily edelman's portfolio website. Emily Edelman. Posted on June 0. Filed under emily edelman, design, books, packaging, sculpture, design, .. Creating an InDesign Portfolio for print, PDF, and the iPad. To view this content, you need the latest version of the Flash Player. Adobe TV uses the Open Source Media Framework (OSMF) to deliver a.
Best Graphic Design Portfolio PdfHttp:// Graphic Design: How To Design Your PDF Portfolio. Becoming a Graphic Designer is about more than just learning Adobe software, you have to be able to present your work and market yourself. Find and save ideas about Graphic Design Portfolios on Pinterest, the world's catalog of ideas. Advanced Lab for Characterization of Semiconductor Devices. Van Zeghbroeck, Principles of Semiconductor Devices, e-book. The basic concepts behind semiconductor materials and semiconductor devices. Semiconductor Physics: Density of States. Bart Van Zeghbroeck, Principles of Semiconductor Devices. Introductory Physics for Diodes, LEDs and Solar Cells. Diodes, LEDs and Solar Cells. Principles of Semiconductor Devices by Bart van Zeghbroeck. Principles Of Semiconductor Devices.pdf - Principles of. SCHOOL Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology COURSE TITLE ELECTRICAL EEE 2204 TYPE. Semiconductor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Semiconductors are crystalline or amorphous solids with distinct electrical characteristics. Their resistance decreases as their temperature increases, which is behavior opposite to that of a metal. Finally, their conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by the deliberate, controlled introduction of impurities (. The behavior of charge carriers which include electrons, ions and electron holes at these junctions is the basis of diodes, transistors and all modern electronics. Semiconductor devices can display a range of useful properties such as passing current more easily in one direction than the other, showing variable resistance, and sensitivity to light or heat. Because the electrical properties of a semiconductor material can be modified by doping, or by the application of electrical fields or light, devices made from semiconductors can be used for amplification, switching, and energy conversion. Semiconductor Physics And Devices: Basic Principles. Principles and Practice, Engineering Pdf. 20 of 764638 Principles of Semiconductor Devices Bart Van Zeghbroeck. Electronic Devices and. Reverse bias breakdown of the excellent web text Principles of Semiconductor Devices by Professor Bart Van Zeghbroeck. E14e “Semiconductor Diodes”. Van Zeghbroeck “Principles of Semiconductor Devices” http://ecee.colorado.edu/~bart/book/. The modern understanding of the properties of a semiconductor relies on quantum physics to explain the movement of charge carriers in a crystal lattice. When a doped semiconductor contains mostly free holes it is called . The semiconductor materials used in electronic devices are doped under precise conditions to control the concentration and regions of p- and n- type dopants. A single semiconductor crystal can have many p- and n- type regions; the p. Elements near the so- called . The first practical application of semiconductors in electronics was the 1. Cat's- whisker detector, a primitive semiconductor diode widely used in early radio receivers. Developments in quantum physics in turn allowed the development of the transistor in 1. There are several developed techniques that allow semiconducting materials to behave like conducting materials, such as doping or gating. These modifications have two outcomes: n- type and p- type. THEORY SEMICONDUCTOR DE. PDF FILE: THEORY SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES Tsimshianlanguage.biz. Principles of Semiconductor Devices Principles of Semiconductor Devices B. Free engineering textbook by Bart Van Zeghbroeck. Principles of Semiconductor Devices prepares students to design their own CMOS-based integrated circuits. PDF’s & A New Scam; Privacy Policy. These refer to the excess or shortage of electrons, respectively. An unbalanced number of electrons would cause a current to flow through the material. For example, a configuration could consist of p- doped and n- doped germanium. This results in an exchange of electrons and holes between the differently doped semiconducting materials. The n- doped germanium would have an excess of electrons, and the p- doped germanium would have an excess of holes. The transfer occurs until equilibrium is reached by a process called recombination, which causes the migrating electrons from the n- type to come in contact with the migrating holes from the p- type. A product of this process is charged ions, which result in an electric field. This introduces electrons and holes to the system, which interact via a process called ambipolar diffusion. Whenever thermal equilibrium is disturbed in a semiconducting material, the amount of holes and electrons changes. Such disruptions can occur as a result of a temperature difference or photons, which can enter the system and create electrons and holes. The process that creates and annihilates electrons and holes are called generation and recombination. Silicon and germanium are used here effectively because they have 4 valence electrons in their outermost shell which gives them the ability to gain or lose electrons equally at the same time. Binary compounds, particularly between elements in Groups 1. Groups 1. 2 and 1. These include hydrogenated amorphous silicon and mixtures of arsenic, selenium and tellurium in a variety of proportions. These compounds share with better known semiconductors the properties of intermediate conductivity and a rapid variation of conductivity with temperature, as well as occasional negative resistance. Such disordered materials lack the rigid crystalline structure of conventional semiconductors such as silicon. They are generally used in thin film structures, which do not require material of higher electronic quality, being relatively insensitive to impurities and radiation damage. Preparation of semiconductor materials. Some examples of devices that contain integrated circuits includes laptops, scanners, cell- phones, etc. Semiconductors for ICs are mass- produced. To create an ideal semiconducting material, chemical purity is paramount. Any small imperfection can have a drastic effect on how the semiconducting material behaves due to the scale at which the materials are used. Crystalline faults are a major cause of defective semiconductor devices. The larger the crystal, the more difficult it is to achieve the necessary perfection. Current mass production processes use crystal ingots between 1. There is a combination of processes that is used to prepare semiconducting materials for ICs. One process is called thermal oxidation, which forms silicon dioxide on the surface of the silicon. This is used as a gate insulator and field oxide. Other processes are called photomasks and photolithography. This process is what creates the patterns on the circuity in the integrated circuit. Ultraviolet light is used along with a photoresist layer to create a chemical change that generates the patterns for the circuit. The part of the silicon that was not covered by the photoresist layer from the previous step can now be etched. The main process typically used today is called plasma etching. Plasma etching usually involves an etch gas pumped in a low- pressure chamber to create plasma. A common etch gas is chlorofluorocarbon, or more commonly known Freon. A high radio- frequencyvoltage between the cathode and anode is what creates the plasma in the chamber. The silicon wafer is located on the cathode, which causes it to be hit by the positively charged ions that are released from the plasma. The end result is silicon that is etched anisotropically. This is the process that gives the semiconducting material its desired semiconducting properties. It is also known as doping. The process introduces an impure atom to the system, which creates the p- n junction. In order to get the impure atoms embedded in the silicon wafer, the wafer is first put in a 1. Celsius chamber. The atoms are injected in and eventually diffuse with the silicon. After the process is completed and the silicon has reached room temperature, the doping process is done and the semiconducting material is ready to be used in an integrated circuit. These states are associated with the electronic band structure of the material. Electrical conductivity arises due to the presence of electrons in states that are delocalized (extending through the material), however in order to transport electrons a state must be partially filled, containing an electron only part of the time. The energies of these quantum states are critical, since a state is partially filled only if its energy is near the Fermi level (see Fermi. Metals are good electrical conductors and have many partially filled states with energies near their Fermi level. Insulators, by contrast, have few partially filled states, their Fermi levels sit within band gaps with few energy states to occupy. Importantly, an insulator can be made to conduct by increasing its temperature: heating provides energy to promote some electrons across the band gap, inducing partially filled states in both the band of states beneath the band gap (valence band) and the band of states above the band gap (conduction band). An (intrinsic) semiconductor has a band gap that is smaller than that of an insulator and at room temperature significant numbers of electrons can be excited to cross the band gap. However, one important feature of semiconductors (and some insulators, known as semi- insulators) is that their conductivity can be increased and controlled by doping with impurities and gating with electric fields. Doping and gating move either the conduction or valence band much closer to the Fermi level, and greatly increase the number of partially filled states. Some wider- band gap semiconductor materials are sometimes referred to as semi- insulators. When undoped, these have electrical conductivity nearer to that of electrical insulators, however they can be doped (making them as useful as semiconductors). Semi- insulators find niche applications in micro- electronics, such as substrates for HEMT. An example of a common semi- insulator is gallium arsenide. The electrons do not stay indefinitely (due to the natural thermal recombination) but they can move around for some time. The actual concentration of electrons is typically very dilute, and so (unlike in metals) it is possible to think of the electrons in the conduction band of a semiconductor as a sort of classical ideal gas, where the electrons fly around freely without being subject to the Pauli exclusion principle. In most semiconductors the conduction bands have a parabolic dispersion relation, and so these electrons respond to forces (electric field, magnetic field, etc.) much like they would in a vacuum, though with a different effective mass. Although the electrons in the valence band are always moving around, a completely full valence band is inert, not conducting any current. If an electron is taken out of the valence band, then the trajectory that the electron would normally have taken is now missing its charge. For the purposes of electric current, this combination of the full valence band, minus the electron, can be converted into a picture of a completely empty band containing a positively charged particle that moves in the same way as the electron. Combined with the negative effective mass of the electrons at the top of the valence band, we arrive at a picture of a positively charged particle that responds to electric and magnetic fields just as a normal positively charged particle would do in vacuum, again with some positive effective mass. This process is known as electron. Electron- hole pairs are constantly generated from thermal energy as well, in the absence of any external energy source. Electron- hole pairs are also apt to recombine. The Army Service Uniform. The transition to the ASU will eliminate the need for the numerous Army uniforms and provide. The new Army Service Uniform is rooted. Army changes combat patch rules by liudmilakaluginaq9 Watch. Traditional Art / Typography / Other . OCP ACU - The New Army Combat Uniform @ Tactical. Gear. com. By 2. 01. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 2. The decision was sparked by congressional committee members' concerns that patterns weren't chosen with concealment in mind, but instead from a branding perspective. The Army was set to declare a camouflage pattern in 2. The recent selection of a new OCP indicates the pattern will most likely be adopted by other services as well. Air Force Adopting OCPAir Force spokesperson Maj. Matt Hasson revealed to Air Force Times on June 3 that deployed airmen will be outfitted in the same new camouflage pattern that the Army selects. Now that OCP (Scorpion W2) has been selected, you'll be seeing certain airmen in it by next year. In 2. 01. 1, the Air Force replaced the airman battle uniform (ABU) with the OEF OCP (Multi. Cam) ABU for airmen deployed in Afghanistan. Those currently wearing OEF OCP will now be wearing OCP. The Air Force Strike Command (AFGSC) security forces will also be gearing up in OCP—first the OEF OCP then OCP when it's available—at three AFGSC bases: Minot AFB, North Dakota; Malmstrom AFB, Montana; and F. E. Additionally, those in the 6. Ground Combat Training Squadron at Camp Guernsey, Wyoming, will soon be wearing OCP. Army Tradition - Combat Patch Ceremony. Army Marksmanship Unit dons unique unit patch - Duration. The Combat Service Identification Badge. [email protected]. About the HRC: Usage and Privacy Policy; Accessibility Information; Report a page problem HRC Webmaster. US Army Issues ALARACT For OCP Transition. I figure my unit’s patch will be. Considering that the new pattern is still the Army Combat. Information About Army Regulation 635-200; Army Fraternization Policies. Notify me of new posts by email. Army’s new camouflage pattern. US Army New Army camouflage uniforms will hit. The AFGSC is responsible for conducting strategic nuclear deterrence. Until now its security forces have been outfitted in the digital Tiger Stripe ABU. The Air Force cites concealment issues as the reason for the switch- over.? Scott Daigneault, senior enlisted manager for the Force Improvement Program at AFGSC to Soldier Systems Daily. Your eyes skim right over the guy in . He just doesn't fit in in that . The uniforms, which have never been worn by missile field defenders before, got a positive reception. After OCP hits military clothing stores in May, it will eventually update to OCP along with the Army. As for boots, the Air Force has made no move to transition from sage to coyote brown. However, we will not conduct a full re- issue; we will replace items through attrition. Christopher Mesnard. Does the AFGSC adoption of OCP indicate a complete adoption of the the pattern by the Air Force? This announcement will not affect uniforms worn in home station or the current ABU design. Most airmen will still be wearing the service- specific digital Tiger Stripe pattern. Die Afrikaanse gedagte/Waardering van 'n gedig. Waardering van 'n gedig.
Gedurende die tyd wat ons op skool is, leer ons . Ons let dan hoofsaaklik net op die inhoud, alhoewel die wyse waarop die inhoud uitgedruk word, ons tog tot 'n mate kan bekoor. Die waardering van enige kunswerk, so b. Baie romans, gedigte en dramas, wat vir ons in ons jeugjare vervelend was, win later aan innerlike waarde. Eenvoudig omdat ons innerlik gegroei het. Omdat ons geleer het om te verstaan en te waardeer wat die kunstenaar daar uitspreek. Ons innerlike ervaringslewe het nader na syne gekom: dit is gereinig en verdiep deur smaak en die belewing van die dinge self. Daar is baie mense wat geen gedig lees nie. As jy 'n bundel gedigte voor hulle plaas, dan sug hulle: ! Ek hou van die werklikheid, maar gedigte - ekskuus nou dat ek dit so reguit vir jou s. Nee, dit pas nie by my nie. Dit is natuurlik 'n spotbeeld van die kunstenaar wat ontstaan het deurdat mense wat hoegenaamd geen digters is nie, as sulks wil poseer. Die man wat so afkerig is van gedigte en hulle verbind met sentimentaliteit, is nog meer te bewonder - omdat hy tenminste eerlik (7. Ons ken daardie soort mense, wat in hulle boekrakke netjiese boekdele het - oor skilderkuns, digkuns, musiek ens. Download Now for Free PDF Ebook VOLVO PENTA 43GL SERVICE MANUAL 132943 at our Online Ebook Library.Maar daardie mense is in die meeste gevalle dobbelaars met oppervlakkige gemeenplase, koketeerders met dinge wat mens nou eenmaal moet prys as jy vir opgevoed moet geld. Dit herinner ons aan die hooggeplaaste dame, wat dan ook so veel aan kuns . Sy het op 'n eetmaal langs 'n beroemde Italiaanse skrywer te lande gekom. Sy het niks van sy werke geweet nie, maar hy was nou eenmaal 'n groot skrywer en volgens sy verneem het, was hy 'n Deen. Die man wat dit gedoen het, weet blykbaar niks van styl nie. Baie van die oorspronklike skoonheid het seker daardeur verlore gegaan. Die waardering van 'n gedig moet berus op ons ontvanklikheid vir die skone, vir suiwer vervormde lewenswaarhede, op innerlike belewing wat blywend uitgekristalliseer is in die wonder van die woord. Ons het verskillende soorte gedigte. Dit is persoonlik, onmiddellik van aard. Dit is die liriese gedig by uitstek. Ons haal die volgende gedig aan van Guido Gezelle, die Wes- Vlaamse digter. Hierdie digter se werk word veral gekenmerk deur die teerheid, die onmiddellike gevoelsekspressie. As iets hom ontroer, dan word dit dadelik tot 'n gevoelsbeeld wat hy in suiwere vorm verklank. In hierdie gediggie openbaar hy vir ons sy verlatenheid, sy eensaamheid. Hy voel hom so arm, so nietig soos geen mens op aarde nie: Gij badt op eenen berg alleen,en .. The Book BASICS OF ENGINEERING ECONOMY 1ST EDITION SOLUTION MANUAL PDF 174170 is free to download and read online at Online Ebook Library. Jesu, ik en vind er geenwaar 'k hoog genoeg kan klimmenom u alleen te vinnen: de werelt wilt mij achterna,(7. O leert mij, armen dwaas, hoe dat ik bidden moet. Hierin het ons 'n bieg, 'n sielsbelydenis van iemand wat in nood is. Geen sentimentaliteit nie. Net die waarheid van die siel. En daarm is dit 'n gedig wat ons ontroer en ons dwing om innerlik te luister. Maar dan is daar 'n rustiger soort gedig, kalm en bedwonge, ontstaan uit 'n emosie wat lank gekoester is, verinnig geword is in die klare dieptes van die herinnering. Ons dink aan 'n gedig soos Totius se Ter Nagedagtenis van. In hierdie deurleefde gedig gee hy vir ons sy smart oor die dood van sy suster, wie se lewe kalm en stil weggevloei het net soos Mooirivier, maar net soos hierdie rivier 'n liglyn laat, waar hy deur die vleie gaan, so was ook haar mooi- eenvoudige lewe. Hier geen opstandigheid of hewige emosie nie. Dit vloei rustig en diep net soos die rivier self: Skone beeld van stille lewe,Mooirivier! Die ware gedig word dan ook daardeur gekenmerk dat elke woord, elke beeld op sy plek is, dat dit onvervangbaar is. Alles dra by om die stemming, die ware toon aan die gedig te gee. Bekyk ons 'n gedig so, dan word dit heeltemal iets anders as wat die dom- astrante daaronder wil verstaan. Wie nie vatbaar is vir die skoonheid van 'n gedig of van 'n kunswerk nie, is nie vatbaar vir enige vorm van skoonheid in die lewe nie. Hy lei die lewe van 'n dier: eet, slaap, maak geld - bestaan net. Hy merk nie dat daar skoonheid in die wolke is wat oor hom verbydrywe nie. Al wat hy opmerk is: ! Van die wonderbare sielelewe in hom, weet hy niks. Sy verbeelding en gevoel, daardie goddelike dinge wat gloed en skoonheid aan sy bestaan kan gee, is vir hom dood, of as hy hulle gebruik, dan is dit nie vir prysenswaardige doeleindes nie. Net so banaal is die patetiese dweper met kuns wie se hele sentimentele gedoente op 'n misverstand berus. Die gedig wat die stempel van waaragtigheid dra, word gebore in die siel van 'n mens wat diep voel en instaat is om wat hy innerlik beleef, suiwer in woorde uit te druk. Deurdat die kunstenaar probeer om in te dring in die hart van dinge, deurdat sy fyngeorganiseerde gestel hom in staat stel om dit te doen, ontdek hy dieper lewenswaarhede. Die uiterlike gelaat van die dinge kry vir hom 'n ander betekenis. Hy leer dit sien in die lig van die ewige, die onverganklike, m. In die meeste mense se lewe kom daar oomblikke dat hulle plotseling besef hoe klein en nietig die aardse lewe is, gesien teen die ontsaglike agtergrond van die ewigheid. As hulle staan by die lyk van 'n geliefde, as 'n groot heimwee hulle aangryp na 'n persoon of plek wat hulle liefhet, as hulle 'n ernstige siekbed het en dig by die dood omdraai, dan skemer (8. U kan dit nou verstaan. Want hoe kan u 'n innerlike belewing, 'n ernstige lewenswaarheid vat en innerlik interpreteer as u eie lewe ondiep is, as u net swewe aan die oppervlakte van die bestaan. En dan nog: dit is die plig van elke mens wat vir ontwikkeld deurgaan, om sy eie taal te ken - sy eie taal in die eerste plek en dan ander tale. Die geestelike ervaring word in woorde verklank, en as ons nou nie die fyne betekenisnuanses van woorde, van sinswendinge verstaan en kan deurvoel nie, hoe kan ons dan die gedagte wat die digter vir ons bring, enigsins vat? Om 'n gedig behoorlik te waardeer, is dit nodig om dit aanvanklik, wanneer die smaak nog nie skerp ontwikkel is nie, 'n paar keer sorgvuldig deur te lees en dan die vraag te stel: Wat wou die digter hier meedeel? Hoe het hy dit gedoen? Was dit die moeite werd om 'n dergelike gedagte so mee te deel? As ons so lees, moet dit die noodwendige gevolg h. Die woord kultuur word so dikwels gebruik en mense het allerhande spitsvondige definisies daarvoor, maar voordat iemand nie die geestelikfyne kan waardeer nie, kan hy gerus maar daardie woord aan 'n kapstok ophang. Ons het net aangestip dat daar verskillende soorte gedigte is, gedigte wat vir ons wys op die temperament, die lewensbeskouing, die houding van die skrywer teenoor sy medemense, die natuur, ens. Die vernaamste taak van die kritikus is om dit vas te stel, om die gedigte na hulle innerlike betekenis te karakteriseer. Ons beskou weer 'n gedig van Gezelle om dit toe te lig. Die gediggie heet O Lied. O Lied! O Lied! gij helpt de smertwanneer de rampen raken,gij kunt, O Lied, de wonde in 't hert,de wonde in 't hert vermaken! O Lied! O Lied! gij laaft de dorst,gij bluscht het brandend blaken,gij kunt, o Lied, de droge borsten 't wee daarvan doen staken.(8. O Lied! O Lied! het zwijgend natdat leekt nu langs mijn kaken,gij kunt het, en uw kunst is dat,gij kunt het honing maken .. O Lied! O Lied! Leer ons nie daaruit die teergevoeligheid van hierdie skugter, innig- fyne digter nie? Voel ons nie in sy woorde die verlossing en se? So bring die digter ook bevryding vir ons gevoel, bring hy in woorde wat ons wou s. En is dit nie 'n daad van groot innerlike betekenis nie? Dit bring ons van aangesig tot aangesig met die dieper gelaat van dinge, met die tere en vervloeibare van ons emosie- lewe, met die wonder van die bestaan self. Dit plaas ons op 'n plan van algemeen- menslikheid vanwaar ons begrypend en genietens kan skou oor die lewe met al sy rasse, sy geografiese skeidinge, sy verskil in godsdiens en konvensie.'n Wandelaar wie se hoof vol besigheidsplanne is, wandel buite die stad. Opeens gaan hy staan en hoor die skugter fluistering van die gras, hy merk opeens hoe magtig die son daal agter die rooi van die bulte. Daar ontwaak in hom 'n dieper eerbied vir die wonder, die ewige ritme van die dinge waarvan die dieper sin nou nader aan sy siel gekom het. Op daardie oomblik is die po. Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. This article updates the American Heart Association (AHA) 1. It provides a review of the recommended components of optimal rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs, ways to deliver these services, recommended future research directions, and the rationale for these recommendations, with emphasis on the exercise training component. Secondary prevention is an essential part of the contemporary care of the patient with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The term cardiac rehabilitation refers to coordinated, multifaceted interventions designed to optimize a cardiac patient’s physical, psychological, and social functioning, in addition to stabilizing, slowing, or even reversing the progression of the underlying atherosclerotic processes, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. As such, cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs provide an important and efficient venue in which to deliver effective preventive care. In 1. 99. 4, the AHA declared that cardiac rehabilitation should not be limited to an exercise training program but also should include multifaceted strategies aimed at reducing modifiable risk factors for CVD. Choose a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. The best cardiac rehabilitation programs are multidisciplinary. Is the program certified by the American Association of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Rehabilitation? Both our cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation programs offer individualized exercise programs, as well as help making healthy lifestyle changes. Since then, detailed guidelines have been published that clearly specify each of the core components of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs, along with information about the evaluation, intervention, and expected outcomes in each area. Thus, cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs currently include baseline patient assessments, nutritional counseling, aggressive risk factor management (ie, lipids, hypertension, weight, diabetes, and smoking), psychosocial and vocational counseling, and physical activity counseling and exercise training, in addition to the appropriate use of cardioprotective drugs that have evidence- based efficacy for secondary prevention. Candidates for cardiac rehabilitation services historically were patients who recently had had a myocardial infarction or had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but candidacy has been broadened to include patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary interventions; are heart transplantation candidates or recipients; or have stable chronic heart failure, peripheral arterial disease with claudication, or other forms of CVD. In addition, patients who have undergone other cardiac surgical procedures, such as those with valvular heart disease, also may be eligible. Unfortunately, cardiac rehabilitation programs remain underused in the United States, with an estimated participation rate of only 1. Contributing to the vast underuse of these services are a low patient referral rate, particularly of women, older adults, and ethnic minority patients; poor patient motivation; inadequate third- party reimbursements for services; and geographic limitations to accessibility of program sites. In addition, there is a lack of “visibility” and recognition by the public of the importance of cardiac rehabilitation services. To potentially rectify these concerns, alternative models to the traditional hospital- or community center–based setting for outpatient programs have been developed. These models include home- based programs for which a nurse generally serves as case manager and facilitates, supervises, and monitors patient care and progress,1. Electronic media programs are an alternative method for providing home- based comprehensive risk- factor modification education and instruction for structured exercise. Additional research is required to establish the effectiveness of these non–hospital- based approaches for rehabilitation and secondary prevention and to determine how to deliver these services optimally. Exercise Training Intervention.
Guidelines for prescribing aerobic and resistance exercise for patients with CVD are available elsewhere. Specific activity recommendations also are available for women,1. Safety Considerations. The relative safety of medically supervised, physician- directed, cardiac rehabilitation exercise programs that follow these guidelines is well established. The occurrence of major cardiovascular events during supervised exercise in contemporary programs ranges from 1/5. Contemporary risk- stratification procedures for the management of coronary heart disease (CHD) help to identify patients who are at increased risk for exercise- related cardiovascular events and who may require more intensive cardiac monitoring in addition to the medical supervision provided for all cardiac rehabilitation program participants. Effect on Exercise Capacity. Exercise training and regular daily physical activities (eg, working around the house and yard, climbing stairs, walking or cycling for transportation or recreation) are essential for improving a cardiac patient’s physical fitness. Supervised rehabilitative exercise for 3 to 6 months generally is reported to increase a patient’s peak oxygen uptake by 1. Improved fitness enhances a patient’s quality of life and even can help older adults to live independently. Improved physical fitness also is associated with reductions in submaximal heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and rate- pressure product (RPP), thereby decreasing myocardial oxygen requirements during moderate- to- vigorous activities of daily living. Improved fitness allows patients with advanced coronary artery disease (CAD) who ordinarily experience myocardial ischemia during physical exertion to perform such tasks at a higher intensity level before reaching their ischemic ECG or anginal threshold. Furthermore, improvement in muscular strength after resistance training also can decrease RPP (and associated myocardial demands) during daily activities, such as carrying groceries or lifting moderate to heavy objects. In addition, improvement in cardiorespiratory endurance on exercise testing is associated with a significant reduction in subsequent cardiovascular fatal and nonfatal events independent of other risk factors. These findings also apply to patients with chronic heart failure. In a recent meta- analysis of 8. Smart and Marwick. P=0. 0. 6) associated with improved functional capacity, as well as a reduction in cardiorespiratory symptoms after aerobic and strength training. Return to Work. Although exercise training–induced improvement in functional capacity and the associated reduction in cardiorespiratory symptoms may enhance a cardiac patient’s ability to perform most job- related physical tasks, factors unrelated to physical fitness appear to have a greater influence on whether a patient returns to work after a cardiac event. These factors include socioeconomic and worksite- related issues and previous employment status. The educational and vocational counseling components of cardiac rehabilitation programs should further improve the ability of a patient to return to work. Effect on CVD Prognosis. During the past 5 decades, numerous studies have demonstrated a reduced rate of initial CHD events in physically active people. These findings, along with those from studies that demonstrate biologically plausible cardioprotective mechanisms (discussed below), provide strong evidence that regular physical activity of at least moderate intensity reduces the risk of coronary events, thus leading to the conclusion that physical inactivity is a major CHD risk factor. Burke's New York Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Program helps cardiac and pulmonary patients achieve the most active and productive life possible. Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation Services The simple act of breathing is not simple for those who suffer from emphysema. Norton Healthcare offers pulmonary rehabilitation programs at three locations in Jefferson County. An even greater impact is seen when the endurance exercise program is of sufficient intensity and volume to improve aerobic capacity. Data from the Health Professionals’ Follow- up Study. In the absence of definitive randomized controlled trials, meta- analyses of smaller studies have been used to assess the role of exercise training, alone or as part of a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program, on morbidity and mortality rates of CHD patients. Meta- analyses based on studies performed in the 1. AHA scientific statement on cardiac rehabilitation programs. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines. Subjects in these earlier trials were predominately low- risk, middle- aged, white male survivors of myocardial infarction. Women, older people, ethnic minorities, and patients who underwent revascularization procedures or who had other types of cardiac conditions were excluded or markedly underrepresented in these studies. Major advances in the management of patients with CHD during the 1. These medical advances include attenuation of residual myocardial damage from acute coronary occlusion by emergent medical interventions and pharmacological therapy to reduce myocardial oxygen demands; development and use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs; prompt coronary revascularization by thrombolysis or percutaneous interventions; and more frequent use of revascularization procedures. Wider prophylactic use of adjunctive cardioprotective drugs (eg, statins), as demonstrated in definitive clinical trials, has been shown to be effective for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates. Furthermore, biotechnical advances that have improved the survival rates of cardiac patients include conventional or drug- eluting coronary stents, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and biventricular pacing and left ventricular assist devices for treating patients with chronic heart failure. Cardiac & Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program. We also offer smoking cessation classes and other programs that help you take control of your health. Our Cardiac Rehabilitation program gets results.In light of these advances, the additional effect of exercise training on morbidity and mortality rates in current cardiac rehabilitation participants is unclear. Taylor et al. 2 reported encouraging findings in a meta- analysis based on a review of 4. This meta- analysis, which updated an earlier study by the same investigators,3. CHD to the database from the earlier meta- analyses,3. Greater numbers of women (2. As shown in the Table, exercise- based cardiac rehabilitation was associated with lower total and cardiac mortality rates compared with usual medical care, which was in agreement with previous reports. Grand Flattery: The Yale Grand Strategy Seminar. In 1. 90. 9 a group of men met on an estate in Wales to save Western civilization. Troubled by the erosion of British world power, they believed the decline could be reversed if statesmen turned away from the mundane tasks of modern diplomacy and channeled the wisdom of ancient Greece instead. The Greeks, in reconciling rulership with freedom,Ad Policyhad made the West great, and supplied a model for their Anglo- Saxon heirs. No longer should the empire run itself; members of the group, including Lloyd George and Lord Milner, would train men of penetrating insight to direct imperial affairs more self- consciously than ever before. They produced countless articles and monographs. Chapters of the society flourished all over the empire. Ten years later, they had disappeared: nationalism had swept away their plans to knit the colonies closer together. British ascendancy ended sooner than any of them could have imagined. Anxiety about America’s place in the world intensified after 9/1. In the wake of the departure of one of its founding members, Yale’s Grand Strategy program is looking into inviting female professors to its instructing team. History professor Paul Kennedy, co-director of. US leadership in response. This was the moment when liberal interventionism and neoconservatism ascended to the political mainstream and the grand narrative of “globalization” entered into wide circulation. In New Haven, historians John Lewis Gaddis and Paul Kennedy put forth a different response. Opposed to the Clinton administration’s ad hoc policy- making, they conceived a series of “grand strategy” seminars at Yale that aspired to train the next generation of leaders. Grand strategy, as Gaddis has explained in a recent speech on the subject, exposes students, “in a properly distilled form, to the accumulated wisdom of those who have gone before,” all of which is supposed to instill in its recipients the sensibility to formulate the grand strategy that has eluded Americans since their cold war enemy collapsed. Such a strategy would relate the broadest possible ends to the means of achieving them and therefore invigorate US global leadership with a new, singular purpose. Ten years on, grand strategy is flourishing. Not only has the Yale seminar grown into a campus juggernaut, securing a $1. US universities, funded in part by right- wing financier Roger Hertog. Kennedy has likened the spinoffs to Benedictine monasteries, “all doing their own versions of grand strategy but still belonging to the Order of Saint Benedict.” For $4,4. Yale for a two- week Grand Strategy summit on the fine arts of “critical and strategic thinking, social networking, professional etiquette, financial and asset management” and more. Grand strategy is now a popular idea, too. A string of op- ed writers, including Jackson Diehl, Niall Ferguson and Fareed Zakaria, have criticized the Obama administration for lacking one. The charge was repeated during the Republican primaries by Newt Gingrich and, in effect, answered by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who presented the administration’s revised military posture as a new “American grand strategy in an age of austerity.”. Though grand strategy went national only recently, the term gained currency in the run- up to World War. Another Anglo- American duo, the military strategist Basil Liddell Hart and the historian Edward Mead Earle, reasoned that states needed strategies not just during wars but also in peacetime. Through “grand strategy” a state might prevent wars from breaking out and prevail in any that did. The original concept of grand strategy, then, despite extending temporally into peacetime, remained centered on the problem of warfare. And it was pioneered in a mid- century world where major threats were readily identifiable, coming from large states able to amass industrial power and mobilize vast populations. The radical contribution of Yale’s program is to make a grand strategy out of everything—from national security to economics, the environment, even culture and ideology. The Yale syllabus touts grand strategy’s use in “any future leadership role in which you may be called upon to connect desired ends with available means.” Gaddis says he regularly gets papers on “the grand strategy of falling in and out of love” and of “achieving success in soccer, football, and especially rowing.” (The last sport “particularly attracts the members of our class, probably because of its ancient echoes in Herodotus and Thucydides.”) GET A DIGITAL SUBSCRIPTION. FOR JUST $9. 5. 0! After romping through the great strategists in history, the course turns to contemporary policy challenges for its second semester. At the end, students dress up like national security officials to brief their professors, who play the president. Least conventional of all is the “summer school of surprise.” Gaddis encourages students to embark on a “Patrick Leigh Fermor experience” in obscure locales around the world, “the great classical texts still fresh in their mind.” “Why not go to China, speak only Chinese, and check out the places they won’t let you see when you become ambassador?” Gaddis says he tells students. Grand strategy is “endangered,” Gaddis laments, “for in the absence of sufficiently grave threats to concentrate our minds, there are insufficient incentives to think in these terms.” But then why think in those terms if the conditions that seem to have called for them no longer exist? Gaddis and company are remarkably untroubled by the possibility that the incessant push to strategize grandly might construct the threats it seeks to meet. Easterners urge a program of tough love and reforms for Europe’s stragglers. Chris Miller is associate director of the Grand Strategy Program at Yale and a fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute. Richardson Dilworth Professor of History, director of International Security Studies at Yale, and Distinguished Fellow of the Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy, coordinates the ISS programs funded by. The Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy seeks to revive the study and practice of grand strategy by devising methods to teach that subject at the graduate and undergraduate levels, by training future leaders to think about. Grand Strategy spreads across US. Peter Feaver runs Duke’s American Grand Strategy program and says that he modeled the program off Yale’s in some important ways—the focus on. Invaluable program at Yale. Yale Studies in Grand Strategy (Course Syllabus) The Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy seeks to revive the study and practice of grand strategy by devising methods to teach that subject at the graduate and undergraduate. Why are Yale and other top universities teaching a Grand Strategy seminar if the conditions that seemed to call for grand strategizing no longer exist? Studies in Grand Strategy. INTRODUCTION (To be read during break. Henry Kissinger's Grand Strategy Takes a New Turn at Yale. 11/15/2011 07:59 am ET. The Grand Strategy program shows students. Henry Kissinger's Grand Strategy Takes a New Turn at Yale. Strategy likes enemies. It has traditionally addressed military affairs because war is an inherently adversarial condition and tends to produce a simpler range of outcomes than do most other areas of life. Kennedy, following Liddell Hart, suggests that the Clausewitzian dictum that “war is a continuation of politics” implies the opposite, but grand strategy turns Clausewitz on its head, squeezing all of politics into an analytical method best suited for war. It assumes that a grand strategy is necessary all the time, whatever the circumstances. That’s why not having a grand strategy becomes a sin. Yet is there a single, overarching purpose, much less strategy, around which a world power should orient everything it does? Certainly, if an all- consuming threat truly exists, but otherwise grand strategy becomes a recipe for simplifying the world and magnifying threats—in which case the best “grand strategy” may be no grand strategy. Author of the cold war doctrine of containment, Kennan achieved mythical status in policy circles long before his death in 2. Gaddis, his authorized biographer, has done the most to secure Kennan’s reputation as a grand strategist. If Kennan’s example looms large in American discussions of grand strategy, it’s because containment is the most inarguably grand strategy the United States has ever pursued. America scarcely needed a grand strategy as a rising power, and after the cold war it had something resembling a grand strategy only in the handful of years when terrorism appeared to supplant the Soviet Union as an encompassing threat. In Gaddis’s hands, Kennan prescribed both sustained action to block Soviet expansion and restraint in picking which battles to fight. This prescription flowed from Kennan’s diagnosis that the Soviet Union was driven to expand by purely internal forces. If checked by outside resistance, however, it would desist and eventually implode. Gaddis thus positions Kennan between two unpalatable extremes: the timid isolationism of ceding the world to Soviet domination and the crusading globalism of the Truman Doctrine and NSC- 6. National Security Council in 1. Soviet- backed communism wherever it advanced. Gaddis insists it was those expansive interpretations of the containment strategy that led the United States into disaster in Vietnam and beyond. Kennan’s original version of containment, by contrast, was a sober grand strategy, carefully calibrating means to ends. Kennan’s initial idea of containment, explained in his Long Telegram of 1. Soviet Union was implacably driven to expand its power mainly because it inherited a “traditional and instinctive Russian sense of insecurity” dating back centuries to when Russians were agriculturalists surrounded by fierce nomadic tribes. Kennan mixed in other explanations, involving Marxist- Leninist ideology and the Kremlin’s desire for internal stability, all to the same effect: the United States was doing nothing—could do nothing—to stoke Soviet fears. Rather, the Soviet system was paranoid by its very nature, and an enemy so childlike it could only be slapped around until it finally changed its ways. That cultural stereotypes underpinned Kennan’s framework should have raised more doubts at the time. In any case, Gaddis’s uncritical stance toward Kennan’s characterization of Soviet conduct, long after most scholars perceived its crudeness, is no less breathtaking. By 1. 94. 8 Soviet behavior appeared to him a predictable response to American provocations. Cold war antagonism now seemed to come less from the nature of Soviet society than from the interaction between the two superpowers. From then on, Kennan called for precisely what he once proscribed: negotiations with the Soviet Union, aimed at securing the mutual withdrawal of forces from central Europe and thus the end of intense conflict. He opposed creating NATO on the grounds that it would ossify Europe’s bipolar division. He criticized US wars in Vietnam and, just before his death, Iraq. In his memoir, Kennan wrote of rereading his Long Telegram with “horrified amusement.” It sounded, he admitted, “like one of those primers put out by alarmed congressional committees or by the Daughters of the American Revolution, designed to arouse the citizenry to the dangers of the Communist conspiracy.”. Kennan, however, never appreciated, let alone articulated, the full extent of his reversal. This has made it easy for Gaddis to present Kennan as a master grand strategist. Descargar Muchos Juegos Gratis Full en Rapidshare, Megaupload 1 link. Lamentablemente, el aporte que te ha interesado ten. Sokal Paradise - Activo- B. Sokal Sinking Island - Activo- Backyard Baseball 2. Activo- Backyard Basketball 2. Activo- Backyard Hockey 2. Activo- Bad Boys 2 - Activo- Bad Day LA - Activo- Bad Mojo Redux - Activo- Baldur's Gate Compilation - Activo- Baldur's Gate + Tales of the Sword Coast (Espa? You are the Architect! 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The Brigade is entirely operated by volunteers, managed by the City of Albany and supported by the Department of Fire and Emergency Services of Western Australia (DFES), which provides technical and operational support as well as the training network. Volunteer Bushfire Brigades in the Albany area: South West Sector Bornholm Elleker Highway Kalgan King River Napier Redmond South Coast Torbay Youngs North East Sector Gnowellen Green Range Kojaneerup Manypeaks South Stirling Welstead Meetings of the Kalgan Volunteer Bushfire Brigade are held at the Lower Kalgan Fireshed, 5. Nanarup Rd, on the second Monday in the months of March, June, September and December.
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